Crochet

octubre 08, 2010

Tiempos Verbales (Tenses)

MODOS Y TIEMPOS VERBALES

El modo de un verbo indica la manera en que la acción es expresada por quien habla. (The "modo" of a verb indicates the way the action is expressed by the speaker)

MODO INDICATIVO (It expresses the action as a real and possible fact)

*PRESENTE 1st Infinitive (AR: AMAR)      2nd Infinitive (ER: COMER)        3rd Infinitive (IR: DORMIR)


YO                     AMO            COMO         DUERMO
TU                    AMAS            COMES       DUERMES
EL/ ELLA            AMA             COME         DUERME
NOSOTROS      AMAMOS        COMEMOS  DORMIMOS
VOSOTROS       AMAIS           COMEIS      DORMIS
ELLOS/ ELLAS    AMAN           COMEN       DUERMEN


EJEMPLOS: (Examples)
  1. Yo amo a mi mama (I love my mother)
  2. Ella come una manzana (She eats an apple)
  3. Nosotros dormimos en un hotel (We sleep at a hotel)
  4. Yo miro una película (I see a movie)

Common verbs conjugation in the Present:

1. GO (IR)-  I GO           I am GOING

Yo   ----------VOY           ESTOY YENDO
Tu  ---------- VAS           ESTAS YENDO
El/ Ella-----  VA             ESTÁ YENDO
Nosotros----  VAMOS    ESTAMOS YENDO
Vosotros------VAIS        ESTAIS YENDO
Ellos/ Ellas--VAN         ESTAN YENDO




It would help me if after reading this you could click on ONE of the google advertisements you can find in my blog!!  Thanks :)  Paula

(I will post other Tenses soon...)

octubre 05, 2010

Culture and Customs in ARGENTINA


Visiting a foreign country means mixing with a new culture. Every culture has its own etiquette, protocol and customs. Here you will find some tips about culture and customs in Argentina



                                      
                                                             An important element of the local culture revolves around dress. The dress code in Argentina is fairly formal and Argentinians take pride in their appearance and efforts are made to look presentable at all times. Fashion is considered important and the latest European styles are usually worn. In restaurants, it is common for men to wear a suit and tie for the occasion.


                                                            If shopping for clothes in Argentina, you will find that clothes are typically marked as ‘small’, ‘medium’ or ‘large’. However, you may on occasion find European measurements. It may be useful for you therefore, to gain an understanding of European clothes measurements prior to visiting Argentina if it is possible that you will be shopping for clothes.


Etiquette in Argentina:                                   

                                                             Etiquette is polished in Argentina and the people are typically very polite. Efforts should be made to reflect the same levels of politeness and adhere to local customs where possible.
                                                             As an example, men should always remove headwear when entering offices or other formal establishments in Argentina and say ‘con permiso’ (excuse me) upon entry. First encounters in such establishments are typically followed by a shaking of hands. 
                                              
Giving money to Beggars in Argentina:
                                            
                                                             When giving money to beggars in Argentina, it is advised not to give money to children. Personal discretion should then be used in determining whether or not to give money to adults. As in all countries, there is a tendency for tourist rich areas to attract individuals who are not genuine beggars. It is wise therefore to look and see whether locals are giving individuals money prior to deciding whether or not to do so yourself.
Safety in Argentina: 

                                                             The same safety tips apply in Argentina as apply anywhere in the world. It is comforting that, although crime is on the rise in large cities in Argentina, it is typically lower than in cities in other countries with equitable population numbers. Key tips however to help guard your security in Argentina include the following:
                               

Don’t leave any valuables on show in your car when your car is unattended and when driving, ensure that all the car doors are locked.
Do not walk around the city with your money / passport clearly visible.
Do not show large amounts of cash when making purchases.
Do not walk alone in deserted areas late at night.

............................................................................................................................................
Facts and Statistics


Location:  South America, borders with Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km

Capital:   Buenos Aires

Climate:  mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest

Population:  39,144,753 (July 2004 est.)

Ethnic Make-up: white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo, Amerindian, or other non white
groups 3%

Government:  Republic

Language in Argentina

Although Argentina's official language is Spanish, Argentinian Spanish is different from the Spanish spoken in Spain. In some ways it sounds more like Italian than Spanish. Indigenous languages that are spoken today include Tehuelche, Guarani and Quechua.

Argentinean Society & Culture

Europeans or Latin Americans?
. Most Argentines are primarily of European descent, which separates them from other Latin American countries where European and Indian cultures are more mixed.
. Culturally and emotionally, Argentines often seem more European than Latin American.

Argentinean Family Values
. The family is the centre of Argentine life with extended families still having prominence.
. The heads of powerful families command widespread respect, but with this comes a responsibility to care for others in terms of security, jobs, etc and to maintain personal and family honour.
. Honour is in all respects the be all and end all and it routinely affects day-to-day life at home, in the community and in business.

Religion in Argentina
. The Argentine constitution guarantees religious freedom.
. Roman Catholicism acts as the official state religion.

 Expressive Communication Style
. Argentines are on the whole open, blunt, and direct, yet are able to remain tactful and diplomatic.
. Argentines are a warm peoples and their unreservedness brings to the fore their passion and sentimentality.
. In addition they are close communicators physically so will often touch each other when speaking and maintain little physical distance between speakers.

 General Etiquette and Customs
Meeting Etiquette

. Initial greetings are formal and follow a set protocol of greeting the eldest or most important person first.
. A standard handshake, with direct eye contact and a welcoming smile will suffice.
. Maintaining eye contact indicates interest.
. In general, Argentines prefer third-party introductions, so you should wait for your host or hostess to introduce you to others at a small gathering.
. When leaving, say good-bye to each person individually.

Gift Giving Etiquette
. If invited to dinner at an Argentine's home bring a small gift for the hostess.
. Since taxes on imported spirits are extremely high, a bottle of imported spirits is always well received.

* Currency - the currency of Argentina is known as the Peso (ARS).

* Dialling Code - the international dialling code for Argentina is +54.

* Time - Argentina is -3 hours GMT.

It would help me if after reading this you could click on ONE of the google advertisements you can find in my blog!!  Thanks :)  Paula

octubre 03, 2010

Gerunds Vs Infinitives in SPANISH!

GERUNDS: How to say what I am doing now? (They are the -ing form of the verbs)


Estoy hablando con mi novio.(I´m talking with my boyfriend)


In spanish when we want to make a GERUND we will add to the end of the verb:


- ANDO (WHEN THE VERB ENDS IN -AR)
- ENDO, (WHEN THE VERB ENDS IN -ER or -IR)
  • Jugar (to play) --->     jugANDO (playing)
  • Cantar (to sing) --->   cantANDO (singing)
  • Leer (to read) --->      leyENDO (reading)
  • Comer (to eat) --->     comiENDO (eating)
  • Saltar (to jump) --->    saltANDO (jumping)
  • Hablar (to speak/ to talk) ---> hablANDO (speaking)
  • Dormir (to sleep) --->  durmiENDO (sleeping)
Ejemplos (Examples)


- Yo estoy hablando con mi mama ( I am talking with my mother)
- Erik está mirando una película (Erik is seeing a movie)
- Thomas está comiendo un hueso (Thomas is eating a bone)
- Mi amiga y yo estamos leyendo un libro (My friend and I are reading a book)
- ¿Qué estas haciendo? (What are you doing?)
- Estoy mirando la television (I am watching the TV)


EJERCICIO: Escriba la forma GERUNDIO de estos verbos (Write these verbs in the GERUND form)


Atender
Llorar
Buscar
Mentir
Caer
Morir
Nadar
Contar
Jugar
Toser
Ladrar


See more in http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/spanish/SpanishIV/span4c10et1t12.html


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
INFINITIVES:
El infinitivo en español termina en: (they end in  -AR - ER - IR) - (The infinitive in spanish ends in Ar Er Ir)
  • - AR:  en los verbos de la primera conjugación como trabajar, comprar o empezar.
  • - ER: en los verbos de la segunda conjugación como beber, volver, hacer.
  • - IR : en los verbos de la tercera conjugación como escribir, salir o ir.
Usos del Infinitivo (Uses of the "Infinitive")
* Infinitivo como sujeto (Infinitive as the subject of a sentence)






  • Beber vino tinto con moderación es bueno para el corazón. (Drinking red wine ...)










  • Llegar a un acuerdo con el sindicato solucionaría el problema. (Getting to an agreement  ...)
    * Usos idiomáticos del infinitivo en español.

    Al + Infinitive

    Expresión temporal que se usa para indicar que la acción expresada por el infinitivo tiene lugar al mismo tiempo que la acción expresada por el verbo principal.






    • Al salir del trabajo me encontré con tu hermana. (When I left work, ...) 
    CON + Infinitive


    Presenta un valor concesivo/condicional, equivalente a  aunque o si.

    Con gritarle no vas a conseguir nada. (Shouting at him won't get you anywhere.)

    DE + Infinitive

    Presenta un valor condicional, equivalente a "Si + verbo en indicativo o en subjuntivo".
    • De sacar una A, pediré la beca. (= si saco una A, pediré la beca.)

    POR + Infinitive

    Presenta un valor causal, equivalente a "porque / puesto que / como + verbo en indicativo".
    • Cierran el mercado de la Magdalena por carecer de medidas de seguridad (porque carece de  medidas de seguridad.)
    *El infinitivo en instrucciones o preguntas

    Se usa  a menudo el infinito como equivalente del imperativo en instrucciones, señales o en preguntas en anuncios publicitarios.
    • No tomar estas pastillas con el estómago vacío.
    • No tocar.
    • ¿Por qué no dejar que los demás se ocupen de ello?
    * A + Infinitive

    Tiene un valor imperativo.
    • Ahora ¡a divertise!
    • A callar!
    It would help me if after reading this you could click on ONE of the google advertisements you can find in my blog!!  Thanks :)  Paula

    septiembre 29, 2010

    Spanish Alphabet & Spanish Pronunciation

    Spanish Alphabet & Spanish Pronunciation


    Pronunciación (Pronunciation)
    Basic Spanish pronunciation rules

    Sonidos Vocales en Español (Spanish Vowel Sounds)

    Los sonidos de las vocales en Español son cortos (Spanish vowel sounds are short).
    The Spanish "a" is pronounced like the "u" in "cut".
    The Spanish "e" is pronounced like the "e" in "elephant".
    The Spanish "i" is pronounced like the "ee" in "bee".
    The Spanish "o" is pronounced like the "o" in "roll".
    The Spanish "u" is pronounced like the "o" in "do".

    Sonidos Consonantes en Español (Spanish Consonant Sounds )

    The Spanish "c" has two sounds: hard and soft:


    RULE -->The hard "c" is pronounced like the "c" in "candy" and It is pronounced before "a", "o" and "u".

    • cantar - to sing

    • corona - crown

    • casa- house
    RULE --> The soft "c" is pronounced like the "c" in "city" and It is pronounced before "e" and "i".

    • cinturon - belt

    • cerdo - pig

    • cinco - five

    The Spanish "g" has two sounds: hard and soft.

    RULE -->The hard "g" is pronounced like the "g" in "goat" and It is pronounced before "a", "o" and "u".

    • gato - cat
    • guerra - war
    • guitara - guitar
    RULE --> The soft "g" is pronounced like the "h" in "house" and It is pronounced before "e" and "i".
    • gira - tour
    • gemelos - twins
    • gigante - giant

    The Spanish "j" is pronounced like the "h" in "habit".
    • jarro - pitcher
    • joven - young
    • jugo - juice

    The Spanish "ñ" is pronounced like "ny" in "canyon".
    • niña - girl
    • mañana - tomorrow
    • niño - boy

    The Spanish "rr" is a vibrating or trilling sound.
    SEE--> We also pronounce this "rr" when words start with "r" as is rata (rat) or rápido (fast)
    • perro - dog
    • zorro - fox

    The Spanish "v" is pronounced like the "b" in "bed".
    • velo - veil
    • vieja - old
    The Spanish "d"  is pronounced like the "d" in "dog".
    • diario - diary
    • mundo - world
    • falda - skirt
    • lado - side
    • pasado - past
    • nada - nothing

    The Spanish "h" is completely silent.
    • hijo - child
    • hormiga - ant
    • hola- hello

    The Spanish "ll" is pronounced like the "y" in "yarn".
    • llaves - keys
    • llorar - to cry
    • llamada - call
    RULE --> The rolling "r" is pronounced like the "r" in car
    • tornillo - screw
    • pero- but
    • cero- zero
    • caro- expensive
    The Spanish "t" is pronounced like the "t" in "stop".
    RULE --> The Spanish "t" is softer than the English "t".
    • cartera - purse
    • tambor - drum
    • te - tea

    The Spanish "z" is pronounced like the "s" in "sofa".
    • zanahoria - carrots
    • manzana - apple
    • manzanilla - chamomile

    Practice these words every day to better your Spanish pronunciation:

    cerveza - beer
    gordo - fat
    genial - great
    aburrido - bored
    cordon - cord
    almohada - pillow
    manteca - butter
    jefe - boss
    verano - summer
    dañino - harmful

    rata- rat

    El Alfabeto Español (The Spanish Alphabet )
    Unlike English, Spanish letters can be written out. Here is the Spanish alphabet (30 letters) along with their written form:
    A - "a"
    B - "be"
    C - "ce"
    CH - "che"
    D - "de"
    E - "e"
    F - "efe"
    G - "ge"
    H - "hache"
    I - "i"
    J - "jota"
    K - "ca"
    L - "ele"
    LL - "elle"
    M - "eme"
    N - "ene"
    Ñ - "eñe"
    O - "o"
    P - "pe"
    Q - "cu"
    R - "ere"
    RR - "erre"
    S - "ese"
    T - "te"
    U - "u"
    V - "ve"
    W - "doble ve"
    X - "equis"
    Y - "i griega"
    Z - "zeta"

    Acentos en Español (Spanish Accents )When there is an acute accent over a vowel (á, é, í, ó, ú), it means to place emphasis on that syllable. As a result, the syllable with the accented vowel is more pronounced. Placing accents or ommiting accents can change the meanings of words.
    soló - only
    solo - alone

    el está - he is
    esta cosa - this thing

    caminó - walked
    camino - path

    habló - He spoke
    hablo - I speak

    papá - father
    papa - potato

    compró - He bought
    compro - I buy
    (http://www.spanishsofa.com/spanish-lessons)

    It would help me if after reading this you could click on ONE of the google advertisements you can find in my blog!!  Thanks :)  Paula

    septiembre 25, 2010

    SPANISH Poetry

    Poem nº 1

    ¡Te Amo! y no es:
    un te amo aniversario,
    un te amo compromiso,
    un te amo acostumbrado,
    un te amo apurado,
    un te amo también...

    ¡Te Amo! y es así:
    un te amo enamorado,
    un te amo extasiado,
    un te amo demasiado,
    un te amo generoso,
    un te amo porque sí.

    ¡Te Amo!
    con un “te amo”
    pronunciado por los labios
    mas gritado con el corazón.

    ¡Te Amo!
    con un “te amo”
    tan divino, tan humano
    como jamás alguien imaginó.

    .....................

    I love you and it is not:
    an Anniversary I love you
    a compromise I love you
    an accostumed I love you
    a hurry I love you,
    an I love you too


    I love you and that´s it:
    an in love I love you
    an extasy I love you
    an I love you too much
    a gentry I love you
    a just because I love you


    I love you,
    pronouncing it with the lips
    but shouting it at you with my heart


    I love you
    with an "I love you"
    so divine, so human
    just like anybody has ever imagined
    ..
    CHASCOMUS, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA
    Poem Nº 2

    Si tan solo podría tener un deseo,
    Solo desearía despertar cada día
    con el sonido de tu respirar sobre mi cuello,
    la calidez de tus labios sobre mi mejilla,
    el toque de tus dedos en mi piel,
    y el latir de tu corazón junto al mio...
    Sabiendo que nunca podría hallar ese sentimiento
    con ningún otro que no seas tú.
    ................................................

    If I could have just one wish,
    I would wish to wake up everyday
    to the sound of your breath on my neck,
    the warmth of your lips on my cheek,
    the touch of your fingers on my skin,
    and the feel of your heart beating with mine...
    Knowing that I could never find that feeling
    with anyone other than you.

    - Courtney Kuchta -


    It would help me if after reading this you could click on ONE of the google advertisements you can find in my blog!!  Thanks :)  Paula

    SPANISH- Jokes + English Translation!


    ENGLISH TRANSLATION:

    Darling, What is worse? Ignorance or indiference?
    I don´t know. I don´t care..

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ENGLISH TRANSLATION:

    How was your job Compadrito?
    Bad.. I earned good money and worked almost nothing,
    And Do you find that a bad thing? I think it is fabulous!
    Me too Cumpa!
    The problem is that my boss discovered that and he fired me!

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    ENGLISH TRANSLATION:

    You might be wondering why I put you together! I want you to know...

    that the company hasn´t been so well lately, and I have been ordered to fire all the lazy and weak ones...

    We are so sorry you have to leave us boss!

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Jaimito le pregunta a un amigo:
    ¿Cómo sigue tu amigo?
    ¿Cuál?
    El que se tragó la moneda de un peso.
    ¡Ah! Sigue sin cambio


    ENGLISH TRANSLATION:

    Jaimito asks a friend:
    How is your friend doing?
    Which one?
    The one who swallowed the 1 pound coin
    Ah! He is still with no change
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ENGLISH TRANSLATION:

    Condorito!!!
    Wow It sounds like my friend´s voice..
    What´s up buddy?
    Hurry up! Come with me..
    Can you explain me what is going on?
    My mother in law has just fallen down and I want you to help me to pick her up..
    but buddy if your mother in law is tiny..
    yes, and what?
    Aren´t you able to pick her up by your own?
    Yes Condorito but...
    when we laugh we lose strengh...

    septiembre 24, 2010

    SPANISH 3º: COMMON and USEFUL PHRASES

    (WHEN YOU MEET A FRIEND)

    • Hola --> Hello
    • ¿Cómo estas? --> How are you?
    • ¿Qué estas haciendo? --> What are you doing?
    • ¿Estas ocupado/a? --> Are you busy? (If your friend is a Girl you will say ocupadA and if it is a boy you will use ocupadO)
    • ¿Te gustaría ir a tomar un cafe? --> Would you like to drink a coffee?
    • ¿Cómo está tu familia? --> How is your family doing?
    • ¿Estas estudiando/trabajando? --> Are you studying/working?
    • Espero verte pronto --> Hope to see you soon
    • Chau! -->  Bye!
    

    (ORDERING AT THE RESTAURANT)

    • Hola, Quiero un Sandwich --> Hello, I want a sandwich
    • ¿Me podría traer una porcion de torta, por favor? --> Could you bring me a piece of cake, please?
    • ¿Hay algo mas que me recomienda que pruebe? --> Is there anything else you recommend me to try?
    • ¿Cuánto cuesta? --> How much is it?
    • ¿Tiene cambio? --> Do you have change?
    • Aqui tiene, Muchas Gracias --> Here you have, Thank you very much.
    RESTAURANT in San Telmo, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA


    It would help me if after reading this you could click on ONE of the google advertisements you can find in my blog!!  Thanks :)  Paula

    septiembre 23, 2010

    SPANISH PROVERBS


    Dime con quien andas y te diré quien eres
    Dime = tell me (decir = to say/tell)
    Quien = who
    Andar = to walk (to go out with)

    Literally translated: Say with whom you walk and I will tell you who you are

    This is similar to the English saying:
    A man is known by the company he keeps



    Perro que ladra no muerde

    perro (= dog)
    ladrar (= to bark)
    morder (= to bite)

    Literally translated means “Dog that barks doesn’t bite.”


    This is similar to the English saying:
    A barking dog doesn’t bite.His bark is worse than his bite.



    This is used when someone makes a lot of ‘noise’ about being a certain way (like a barking dog pretending to be a lot tougher than it really is).
    When someone is ‘full of hot air’ and doesn’t carry out the threats that they make.


    
    This is my handsome dog Thomas, a cute 3 year old Yorkshire :)
    
    

    No todo lo que brilla es oro

    todo = all
    oro = gold
    brillar = to shine/glitter/sparkle


    The English version of this is: “No all that glitters is gold.”

    Means: Some things are not what they appear to be. Something may appear perfect and beautiful but that perfection is only appearance and the reality may be different and not so beautiful.

    It would help me if after reading this you could click on ONE of the google advertisements you can find in my blog!!  Thanks :)  Paula

    septiembre 22, 2010

    SPANISH 2: Spanish Interrogative Word Practice

    QUESTION WORDS:Translation to the Spanish Language (Remember to use accents for all question words)
    1. WHAT     --> Qué
    2. WHO       --> Quién
    3. WHICH  --> Cuál
    4. WHEN   --> Cuándo
    5. WHERE --> Donde
    6. HOW     --> Cómo
    7. WHY     --> Por qué
    *Extra INFO: When asking in Spanish, we use question marks "¿?" when starting and ending the question. Eg. ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños - When is your birthday?


    CONCEPT INTERROGATIVES     EXAMPLES
    Cosa (Thing) ¿Qué? (What)  ¿Qué me dijiste?
    - Te dije que vamos a llegar tarde.
    Lugar (PLace) ¿Dónde? (Where) ¿Dónde está mi cuaderno?
    - No sé, búscalo bajo la mesa.
    Tiempo (Time) ¿Cuándo? (When) ¿Cuándo es la inauguración?
    - Mañana en la noche.
    Modo (Way) ¿Cómo? (How) ¿Cómo está tu mamá?*
    ¿Cómo es tu mamá?*
    Persona o cosa (Person or Thing) ¿Cuál(es)? (Which) ¿Cuál de los colores prefieres?
    - Prefiero el azul.
    Cantidad (Quantity) ¿Cuánto? (How much/many) ¿Cuánto tiempo va a tomarte en llegar?
    - Me va a tomar una hora en bus.
    Persona (Person) ¿Quién(es)? (Who) ¿Quién te llamó tan tarde anoche?
    - Era número equivocado.


    USEFUL Examples
    • ¿Dónde está el baño? (Where is the bathroom?)
    • ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? (When is your birthday?)
    • ¿Qué estas haciendo? (What are you doing?)
    • ¿Quién es Pablo? (Who is Paul?)
    • ¿Cuál es tu nombre? (What is your name?)

    Preguntas con preposiciones (QUESTIONS WITH PREPOSITIONS)

    These Questions start the sentence with a preposition.


    ¿Con quién...? Para saber específicamente quién está contigo
    ¿Para quién...?
    ¿A quién...?
    Para saber el destino de algo que está dirigido a una persona
    ¿De qué...?Para saber información de algo o de un tema. También puede ser ¿Sobre qué...?
    ¿De quién(es)...? Indica posesión
    ¿Para qué...? Pregunta para saber el motivo de una acción o cosa
    ¿Por qué...? Esta pregunta busca la razón o el propósito de algo
    ¿Hasta cuándo...? Busca el término de una acción

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

    ¿Con quién vas a la fiesta? WHO DO YOU GO  TO THE PARTY WITH?
    - Voy con Pablo.


    ¿Para quién es ese regalo? WHO IS THIS PRESENT FOR?
    - Para mi mamá.


    ¿A quién pertenecen estos libros? WHO DO THESE BOOKS BELONG TO?
    - No sé, tal vez a Patricio.


    ¿De qué es la película? WHAT IS THE MOVIE ABOUT?
    - Es de ciencia ficción.

    ¿De quién es este lápiz? WHOSE PENCIL IS IT?
    - Quizás es de algún estudiante.


    ¿Para qué son esos folletos? WHAT ARE THESE LEAFLETS FOR?
    - Son para ver las ofertas de viajes.


    ¿Por qué llegas tan tarde? WHY ARE YOU SO LATE?
    - Porque había mucho tráfico.

    It would help me if after reading this you could click on ONE of the google advertisements you can find in my blog!!  Thanks :)  Paula